ABSTRACT
Abstract Aquatic insect fauna remains an important tool for bio indication of environmental disturbance, while maintaining a healthy aquatic system. The purpose of the study was to document and to identify the diversity and distribution patterns of aquatic insect, a highly ignored aspect from the Qatar. Following the standard procedures, the samples were collected from aquatic habitats during the period October 2015 to May 2017 on monthly basis. A total of 11,287 individuals, belonging to 6 orders were captured. Dipterans were the abundant with the percentages of 71.01 (n=8,015), while the lowest percentage was observed for Coleoptera 0.04 (n=05). Twelve insects families were identified, among these five were reported under Diptera, followed by Hemiptera (03), while Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera were represented by single families. Among the selected localities, Dipterans were collected from 10 stations, followed by Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) and Trichoptera (1) respectively. Among the water bodies samples, streams were the most preferred habitats (n=2,767), while drinking water pools were the least (27). Moreover, the highest Simpson diversity index of 1.48 and lowest of 0.47 was recorded for flooded sewage pool and plastic containers respectively, while the low evenness values were observed for ponds, and less than 1 Margalefs diversity values were seen for all habitats. This study documents the patterns of the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects, and provides a baseline for the future studies from Qatar.
Resumo A fauna aquática de insetos continua sendo uma ferramenta importante para a bioindicação de distúrbios ambientais, ao mesmo tempo em que mantém um sistema aquático saudável. O objetivo do estudo foi documentar e identificar a diversidade e os padrões de distribuição dos insetos aquáticos, um aspecto altamente ignorado no Catar. Seguindo os procedimentos padrão, as amostras foram coletadas em hábitats aquáticos durante o período de outubro de 2015 a maio de 2017, mensalmente. Um total de 11.287 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis ordens, foram capturados. Dípteros foram os mais abundantes, com as porcentagens de 71,01 (n = 8.015), enquanto a menor porcentagem foi observada para Coleópteros 0,04 (n = 05). Doze famílias de insetos foram identificadas, destas, cinco foram registradas sob Diptera, seguido por Hemiptera (03), enquanto Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata e Ephemeroptera foram representados por famílias únicas. Dentre as localidades selecionadas, Dipterans foram coletados em 10 estações, seguidos por Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) e Trichoptera (1), respectivamente. Entre as amostras de corpos d'água, os riachos foram os hábitats mais preferidos (n = 2.767), enquanto as piscinas de água potável foram os menos (27). Além disso, o maior índice de diversidade de Simpson de 1,48 e o menor de 0,47 foi registrado para piscina de esgoto inundada e recipientes de plástico, respectivamente, enquanto os valores de baixa uniformidade foram observados para lagoas e menos de 1 valores de diversidade de Margalef foram observados para todos os hábitats. Este estudo documenta os padrões de diversidade e distribuição de insetos aquáticos e fornece uma linha de base para os estudos futuros do Catar.
ABSTRACT
Aquatic insect fauna remains an important tool for bio indication of environmental disturbance, while maintaining a healthy aquatic system. The purpose of the study was to document and to identify the diversity and distribution patterns of aquatic insect, a highly ignored aspect from the Qatar. Following the standard procedures, the samples were collected from aquatic habitats during the period October 2015 to May 2017 on monthly basis. A total of 11,287 individuals, belonging to 6 orders were captured. Dipterans were the abundant with the percentages of 71.01 (n=8,015), while the lowest percentage was observed for Coleoptera 0.04 (n=05). Twelve insects families were identified, among these five were reported under Diptera, followed by Hemiptera (03), while Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera were represented by single families. Among the selected localities, Dipterans were collected from 10 stations, followed by Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) and Trichoptera (1) respectively. Among the water bodies samples, streams were the most preferred habitats (n=2,767), while drinking water pools were the least (27). Moreover, the highest Simpson diversity index of 1.48 and lowest of 0.47 was recorded for flooded sewage pool and plastic containers respectively, while the low evenness values were observed for ponds, and less than 1 Margalef's diversity values were seen for all habitats. This study documents the patterns of the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects, and provides a baseline for the future studies from Qatar.
A fauna aquática de insetos continua sendo uma ferramenta importante para a bioindicação de distúrbios ambientais, ao mesmo tempo em que mantém um sistema aquático saudável. O objetivo do estudo foi documentar e identificar a diversidade e os padrões de distribuição dos insetos aquáticos, um aspecto altamente ignorado no Catar. Seguindo os procedimentos padrão, as amostras foram coletadas em hábitats aquáticos durante o período de outubro de 2015 a maio de 2017, mensalmente. Um total de 11.287 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis ordens, foram capturados. Dípteros foram os mais abundantes, com as porcentagens de 71,01 (n = 8.015), enquanto a menor porcentagem foi observada para Coleópteros 0,04 (n = 05). Doze famílias de insetos foram identificadas, destas, cinco foram registradas sob Diptera, seguido por Hemiptera (03), enquanto Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata e Ephemeroptera foram representados por famílias únicas. Dentre as localidades selecionadas, Dipterans foram coletados em 10 estações, seguidos por Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) e Trichoptera (1), respectivamente. Entre as amostras de corpos d'água, os riachos foram os hábitats mais preferidos (n = 2.767), enquanto as piscinas de água potável foram os menos (27). Além disso, o maior índice de diversidade de Simpson de 1,48 e o menor de 0,47 foi registrado para piscina de esgoto inundada e recipientes de plástico, respectivamente, enquanto os valores de baixa uniformidade foram observados para lagoas e menos de 1 valores de diversidade de Margalef foram observados para todos os hábitats. Este estudo documenta os padrões de diversidade e distribuição de insetos aquáticos e fornece uma linha de base para os estudos futuros do Catar.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aquatic Fauna , Ecosystem , InsectaABSTRACT
With the integration of acupuncture into Qatar’s national medical system in 2016, TCM has made great progress in the State of Qatar. At the same time, the launch of the Qatar National Vision 2030 and the Belt and Road Initiative has provided a good opportunity for TCM development there. At present, the state of Qatar lacks local education and policy support for TCM development and there exists competition from other traditional medicine. However, the domestic investment environment is stable. TCM development in Qatar has to focus on expanding the Chinese medicine market, promoting scientific research cooperation, encouraging herbal medicine enterprises to develop planting industry, and striving for preferential policies to develop TCM service trade.
ABSTRACT
Background: Otitis Media (OM) common diseases affecting children below 5 years of age with a harmful effect on their hearing and health status. Data about the bacterial profile and current antimicrobial resistance status of Otitis Media in the region is scarce. Objective of this study determine the causative organisms of Otitis Media and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among children in a Primary Health Care Corporation (PPHC) centers, Qatar.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in PPHC from Jan 2016 to Dec 2017. A total of 181 patients with Otitis Media presented to PHCC centers were enrolled in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were documented and analysed.Results: A total of 181 children, an almost equal number of male (49.7%) and female (50.3%) participants were involved in the study. 51.4% of participants were ≤5 years of age. Bacteria isolated were: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (27.6%), Hemophilus Influenza (13.3%), Staphylococcus Aureus (11.6%), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MSRA) (11.0%), Streptococcus Pyogenes (10.5%), Streptococcus Pneumonia (6.6%), Moraxella Catarrhalis (2.2%), Klebsiella Pneumonia (0.6%). The sensitivity of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was (100%) to cotrimoxazole, vancomycin, and piperacillin, (96%) to cefepime and gentamicin, and was (88.2%) to ciprofloxacin. MRSA sensitivity was (100%) to vancomycin, rifampicin, and teicoplanin, (89%) to clindamycin.Conclusion: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa was the most frequent isolated bacteria. An overall antimicrobial resistance pattern seen in bacteria isolates ranges from 0% to 66.7%. The antimicrobial-resistant rate was observed for Ampicillin, Augmentin, and cefuroxime whereas ciprofloxacin, cefepime, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, vancomycin, and amikacin were found effective for the isolated resistant bacteria.
ABSTRACT
Background: The Manchester Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) has been extensively used as predictor of self-reported road traffic accidents. The associations between crashes and the violation and error factors of the DBQ however, might be reporting a little bias. Aim: The current study aiming to explore the driving behaviours of Qatari’s and Turkish ethnic groups and to investigate the relationship between error, violations, and lapses of DBQ and accident involvement. Materials and Methods: The DBQ instruments has been used to measure the aggressive driving behaviours leading to road accidents. The study included a representative sample of 2050 drivers and of whom 1,511 drivers agreed to participate (73.7%). A sample of 1,511 drivers from two ethnic groups; Qatar (620), and Turkish (891) completed the driver behaviour questionnaire and background information. Results: There was a significant difference found between both the countries, Qatar and Turkish, in age group, education, occupation, marital status, car type, and seat belt use (p<0.001). The Qatari drivers scored higher on almost all items of violations, errors and lapses compared to other ethnic groups, while Turkish drivers were lower on all the items. Turkish drivers (38.9%) have been involved in more accidents compared to Qatari drivers (32.9%). In terms of cause of accidents, careless driving (31.6%) and excessive speeding (28.5%) were significantly higher among Qatari drivers (p<0.001). More than one third of the studied drivers of two ethnic groups were involved in traffic violations; Qatari (26.6%), and Turkish (33.3%). The use of DBQ permitted the differentiation between deliberate deviations from safe driving practices and errors and violation due to misjudgments or lapses in focus. Conclusion: The present study revealed driver behaviour is different in two ethnic and cultural groups and scores rated differently. Qatari drivers scored higher on most of the items of violations, errors and lapses of DBQ compared to Turkish drivers in all DBQ items. The results emphasise the importance of social, socio-economic, life-style, cultural factors, general driving style and skills, differ between both countries with the respect of traffic safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To find out specifically the community acquired microorganisms that cause severe sepsis and septic shock in patients admitted to Alkhor hospital intensive care unit and it is susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Methods: A Retrospective file review was performed on all adult patients who were admitted to intensive care unit with primary presenting diagnosis of severe sepsis or septic shock between 1st of January 2010 and 31st of December 2012. The primary outcome variable was inpatient mortality. Results: The top three organisms found were: Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonie, and E. coli. 59% of patients did not have any organisms growing in the culture. Conclusions: This study concluded that 41% of blood cultures for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock had shown growth of micro-organism. The top three micro-organisms were Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonie, and E. coli. Resistance to empiric antibiotic therapy was reported to be 35.7%. Patient age, antibiotic resistance and negative cultures were found to be the major risk factors for mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Most children experience some degree of fear during their development. Excessive fears can create serious obstacles to children. The aim of this study was to identify the most common fears in a sample of children and adolescents and examine the socio-demographic correlates of fears. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from July 2010 to February 2012 at Public and Private Schools of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education, State of Qatar. Out of 2188 students approached, 1703 students agreed to participate in this study, with a response rate of 77.8%. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic information, academic performance, behaviour at home and various fears. Results: More than half of the children experienced fears (56.7%). Most of them were in the intermediate level, 12 – 15 years old (46.1%). Overall, reported fears were significantly more frequent in girls (62.6%) than boys (37.4%) (p<0.001). A significant difference was observed between girls and boys who experienced fears in their age group (p<0.001), education of mother (p=0.04), household income (p=0.008) and academic performance (p<0.001). The most frequent reported fears were fear of someone dying in the family (85.2%), parents getting divorced (84.5%), breaking religious law (82%), being kidnapped (78.2%), family members ill (78%) and dying (76.7%). Conclusions: The study findings revealed that fears were highly prevalent in Arab children and adolescents in Qatar. Girls reported more fears than boys. There was a significant difference observed between girls and boys in their age group and academic performance for the reported fears.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the extent of compliance and noncompliance with treatment of psychiatric patients and examine the factors affecting compliance and non-compliance with treatment. Study Design: Hospital based prospective descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out from September 2010 to May 2011 in Qatari population aged above 16 years at the Psychiatry Department of the Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar. Methodology: The study included 628 patients aged 16-77 years who were hospitalized with psychiatric disorders and treated in the outpatient clinics of the Psychiatry department. The diagnostic classification of definite psychotic disorders was according tothe International Classification of Disease, Tenth revision (ICD-10). Results: Of the 628 patients studied, 62.4% of them were compliant with treatment and 37.6% were non-compliant. High compliance was significantly more in patients in the age group (16 - 20) years old (84.4%), retired (70.2%) and housewives (70%) (P<0.001). Social support (40.3%) was poor in non-compliant patients, whereas 50.3% of compliant patients had good social support (P<0.001). The major reasons for non-compliance were irregular attendance to clinic (55.5%; P<0.001), ignorance about side effects of medication (61.0%; P=0.001), and lack of education about medication (47.9%; P<0.001). Conclusion: Non-compliance is quite common in Qatari population like any other society. All efforts should be exerted to improve the compliance of psychiatric patients by eliminating the factors leading to non-compliance. High complaint patients were more satisfied with psychiatrist than non compliant patients. The main reasons found for compliance were lack of family support, irregular attendance to clinic, ignorance about side effects of medication, free medicine and lack of education about medication.
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Longitudinal growth data for infants in Qatar were compared to growth standards published by the CDC and WHO. 300 randomly selected full-term normal infants (150 males, 150 females) in Qatar were followed-up and weight and length were sequentially recorded at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months age. The mean length for age of girls was higher than those published by the CDC and WHO at 12 and 18 months of age. Using the CDC standard for weight for length detected more wasted infants (9.0% and 6.5%) compared to using WHO standards (6.27% and 6.0%) for males and females, respectively. When WHO and CDC standards are compared, more infants were identified as overweight when the former were used. The WHO standards are preferable because they are based on a leaner breastfed reference and because overweight is likely to be a greater problem in Qatar in the future.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to explore the relationships between breast feeding and diarrhea and to assess the effect of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) on reducing the risk of diarrhea in Qatar. METHODS: this is a cross sectional survey carried out at the Well baby clinics and Pediatric clinics in the 11 Primary Health Care Centers and Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, in Qatar. A multistage sampling design was used and a representative sample of 1500 Qatari infants and preschool children with an age range of 0-3 years and mothers agedbetween 18 to 47 years were surveyed during the period from October 2006 to September 2008 in Qatar. Out of the 1500 mothers, 1278 agreed to participate in this study, with a response rate of 85.2 percent. Questionnaires were administered to women who were attending Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers for child immunization. Data about the child gathered included date of birth, gender, birth order, consanguinity, socio-economic conditions, age of mother, level of education of mother, occupation, mode of breast feeding, sterilization of bottle and incident of diarrhea during the interview. Univariate statistical methods were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: of the 1278 infants studied, more than half (59.3 percent) were exclusively breastfed, and the mean duration was11.4 (SD=6.7). The risk for presenting diarrhea was higher in formula fed (48.7 percent) and partiallybreastfed children (37.3 percent) when compared to EBF(32.5 percent). CONCLUSION: EBF plays an important role in reducing the incidence and severity of infantile diarrhea.
OBJETIVOS: investigar a relação entre a amamentação e a diarréia e avaliar o efeito do aleitamento maternao exclusivo (AME) na redução do risco de diarréia noQatar. MÉTODOS: um estudo transversal realizado nos Well Baby Clinics and Pediatric Clinics dos 11 centros de atenção básica do Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, no Qatar. Um desenho amostral de múltiplos estágios foi empregado com uma amostra representativa de 1500 recémnascidos e crianças de idade pré-escolar catarianos entre outubro de 2006 esetembro de 2008 no Qatar. Entre as 1500 mães, 1278 aceitaram participar neste estudo, uma taxa de resposta de 85,2 por cento. Os questionários foram aplicados a mulheres atendidas pelos centros de atenção básica para imunização infantil. Dados colecionados sobre as crianças incluíram data de nascimento, gênero, ordem de nascimento, consanguinidade, condições socioeconômicas, idade maternal, escolaridade maternal, ocupação maternal, método de amamentação, esterilização dos biberões, e incidência de diarréia durante a entrevista. Métodos univariados e foram utilizados para realizar a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: dos 1278 recém-nascidos estudados, mais que metade (59.3 por cento) foram exclusivamente amamentados e a duração média foi de 11,4 (DP=6,7). O risco de apresentar a diarréia foi mais alto nas crianças aleitadas com fórmulas (48.7 por cento) e nas que foram parcialmente amamentadas (37.3 por cento) em comparação com a AME(32.5 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: o AME desempenha um papel importante na redução da incidência e da gravidade da diarréia infantil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Breast Feeding , Diarrhea, Infantile , Qatar , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
We had the opportunities to visit some centers of warm bath therapy at Dubai in UAE, Doha in Qatar and Istanbul in Turk in 2008. In addition to author’s experience, each interview concerning CAM and/or warm bath therapy was taken from the center staffs. Useful information for developing CAM would be summarized and introduced in this report.<br>